Directory of Tests:

Urine Microscopic Analysis

 

Findings may include

 WBC/hpf; RBC
/hpf; Bacteria /hpf; Yeast /hpf; Squamous epith cells, /lpf; Transitional
epith cells, /hpf; Renal epith cells, /hpf;  Mucus, /lpf; Sperm, /hpf;
Trichomonas, /hpf; Hyaline casts, /lpf; WBC casts, /lpf; RBC casts, /lpf;
Granular casts, /lpf;  Fatty
casts, /lpf; Waxy casts, /lpf; Triple phosphate crystals, /hpf; Calcium
oxalate crystals, /hpf; Calcium phosphate crystals, /hpf; Calcium
carbonate crystals, /hpf; Uric acid crystals, /hpf; Leucine crystals,
/lpf; Cystine crystals, /lpf; Tyrosine crystals, /lpf; Amorphous crystals,
/hpf; Other.

See:

Adult Reference
Ranges

Unit

/hpf; /lpf

Station

Urine Microscopy

CPT Code

81001

Performing Facility

American Medical Labs, Herzliya
Pituah

Test Method

Microscopic analysis of the precipitate of a centrifuged
specimen of native urine.

AML Preferred Tube

Routine urinalysis leakproof tube or container, BD urine
transport tube, or sterile urine cup.

 

Storage Instructions

Fresh, recently voided sample is preferred. If not: transport
refrigerated up to 24 h. Protect from light. Do not add
preservatives.

Min. Volume

10 mL random urine

 

 

Comments

Urinalysis test strips often requires an additional
microscopic examination of the sediment in order to support the diagnosis.
The normal urine sediment may contain a variety of formed elements. Even
the appearence of small numbers of the usually pathologically significant
RBCs, WBCs and casts can be normal. Likewise, many routine urines will
contain nothing more than a rare epithelial cell or mucus
strand.

Turn-Around-Time

One day

 

Information on Microscopic
Findings

Urine
crystals
are
diagnostically useful to detect abnormal types that may be present in
liver disease, inborn errors of metabolism, renal damage; to evaluate
microhematuria, nephrolithiasis, or toxin ingestion.

Leukocytes
may
indicate inflammatory disease in the genitourinary tract, including
bacterial infection, glomerulonephritis, chemical injury, autoimmune
diseases, or inflammatory disease adjacent to the urinary tract such as
appendicitis or
diverticulitis.

Casts:
these
elements are unique to the kidney. Different elements present in the
tubular filtrate may attach the cast matrix giving as a result different
types of casts as: hyaline (occur in physiologic states eg, after
exercise) and in abnormal amounts in renal diseases, WBC, RBC, granular,
waxy, fatty, epithelial (or renal tubular) cells casts,
etc.

Bacteria
are
not normally present in urine. However, unless specimens are collected
under sterile conditions, bacterial contamination may occur and is of no
clinical significance.

Sperm is not reported in routine urinalysis exams.
Spermatozoa may be seen in male urine related to recent or
retrograde ejaculation.

Yeast
(usually Candida albicans) may be seen in urine from diabetic patients and
women with vaginal
moniliasis.

Mucus:
protein
material from genitourinary tract; not considered clinically
significant.

The most frequent parasite encountered in urine is
Trichomonas vaginalis, contaminant from vaginal secretions.

Epithelial
and transitional epithelial cells
unless
present in large numbers, they represent normal sloughing of old
cells.

Renal
tubular cells
are
the most significant because the finding of increased numbers indicates
tubular
damage.

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